نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار پردیس فارابی دانشگاه تهران
2 استادیار گروه حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا
3 دانشجوی دکتری حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Plaintiff In civil litigation from the beginning which deals with petition to the
end of litigation which the judge sets out a verdict, to reach his wasted or denied
right and to stabilize it, should comply with rules of proceeding and state matter of
fact and matters of law and prove the claim. Therefor he must propose four issues
and prove them to reach the relief sought: 1.Formal rules of procedure 2.Matter of
fact 3.Evidence 4.Matter of law. The defendant defends, against the four issues
mentioned, to prevent formation of proceeding and rebut the plaintiff’s claim to
prevent a conviction on the subject of the claim. Generally response of defendant
divides to procedural and substantive defenses . Therefore it’s necessary to
analyze the scope of defenses and especially substantive defenses which are this
paper’s subject. Considering the issues mentioned, different method and grounds
of defense, it could be said that substantive defense which occurs after entering
into merit of the litigation, consists of defense against matters of law and fact and
evidences.
کلیدواژهها [English]
