Exploring the Ruling of Martyrdom Operation with Emphasis on the Evidence of Its Quranic Verses

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Theology and Islamic Studies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran

2 Student of Seminary for Women, Babol, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Quranic Sciences, University of Quranic Sciences and Studies, Amol, Iran

Abstract

Holy war (jihad) in the cause of Allah is one of the pillars of Islam. Islam is a school in which all the people have been called as the servants of Allah and honorable to each other. In order to remove all kinds of dominance and sovereignty of the tyrants, He has opened the door of jihad. In order to realize the defense that Muslims are required to undertake in any situation, it is necessary to take into account the means and methods of defense appropriate to each time. Defending against the aggressor in the absence of suitable military facilities takes on a particular form, and it is a martyrdom operation in which one kills the others while he is sure about his death. Because of the apparent similarity between martyrdom operation with suicide attack, some people disagree with it, and call it self-slaughter. Therefore, investigating jurisprudential and religious texts, and studying the jurisprudential evidence and principles of the proponents and opponents of martyrdom operation, this research seeks a clear jurisprudential ruling of the martyrdom operation. Using an analytical method and studying and surveying jurisprudential books and other different researches, this research has concluded that the martyrdom actions have legitimacy. Therefore, martyrdom in the cause of Allah does not mean suicide, and due to the reasons given and because of the difference in intention and purpose, it is beyond the scope of the issue.

Keywords

References

  1. The Holy Quran, translated by Nasser Makarem Shirazi.

    1. Ibn al-Athir, Ali ibn Abi al-Karam (Bita). Al-Kamil Fi Al-Tarikh, vol. 2, Beirut: Dar Sader. (in Arabic)
    2. Ibn Hazm, Ali ibn Ahmad (Bita). Al-Mahali, vol. 7, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
    3. Ibn Sayyidah, Ali ibn Isma'il (Bita). Al-Mohkam wa Al-Muhit Al-Azam, vol. 4, research by Abdul Hamid Hendawi, Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya. (in Arabic)
    4. Ibn Manzur, Muhammad ibn Mokrram (1994 AD). Arabic Language, vols. 3 and 6, third quarter, Beirut: Dar Sader. (in Arabic)
    5. Ansari Dezfuli, Morteza (Bita). The rule of no harm, hand, health and burial (Faraid al-Osul), Vol. I, Qom: Islamic Publications Office.
    6. Beizawi, Abdullah bin Umar (1998 AD). Anwar al-Tanzil wa Asrar al-Tawil, vol. 5, ch. 1, research by Muhammad Abdul Rahman al-Marashli, Beirut: Dar Al-Ahya Al-Tarath Al-Arabi. (in Arabic)
    7. Torbati Shahabi Khorasani, Mahmud bin Abdul Salam (1997 AD). Advar Fiqh (Shahabi), Volume 2, Number 5, Tehran: Printing and Publishing Organization. (in Arabic)
    8. Termezi, Muhammad ibn Isa (1998 AD). Sunan al-Tirmidhi, vols. 2 and 4, research of the famous Bashar Awad, Beirut: Dar al-Gharb al-Islami. (in Arabic)
    9. Jafari, Mohammad Taqi (Bita). Sources of jurisprudence, misplacedŲŒ Bi Ja. (in Arabic)
    10. Johari, Ismail Ibn Hammad (Bita). Al-Sahah, vols. 2 and 3, research and correction by Ahmad Abdul Ghafoor Attar, Ch. 1, Beirut: Dar al-Alam for the Malays. (in Arabic)
    11. Haeri Tehrani, Mir Seyed Ali (1998 AD). Muqtatiyat al-Duro and Mutaqiyat al-Samar, vol. 3, Tehran: Islamic Library. (in Arabic)
    12. The right of Brusoi (Bita). Ismail, Tafsir Ruh al-Bayan, vol. 5, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr. (in Arabic)
    13. Helli (Allama), Hassan Ibn Yusuf Ibn Motahar, (1991 AD). Commentary of the Learners on the Rules of Religion, Vol. I, Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance. (in Arabic)
    14. Helli (Allama), Hassan Ibn Yusuf Ibn Motahar (1994 AD). Note of the jurists, vol. 9, ch. 1, Qom: Al-Albayt Foundation (AS). (in Arabic)
    15. Helli (Fakhr al-Muhaqiqin), Muhammad ibn Hassan (1968 AD). Explaining the benefits in explaining the problems of the rules, vol. 1, ch. 1, Qom: Ismaili Foundation. (in Arabic)
    16. Helli, Yahya bin Saeed (1985 AD). Comprehensive Law, first, Qom: Sayyid Al-Shuhada Al-Alamiya Foundation. (in Arabic)
    17. Helli (researcher), Ja'far ibn Hassan (1998 AD). Summary of benefits in Imami jurisprudence, vol. 1, ch. 6, Qom: Religious Press Foundation. (in Arabic)
    18. ----------------------------------------------(1988 AD). Islamic Sharia in Halal and Haram Issues, vols. 1 and 4, Ch II, Qom: Ismailian Foundation. (in Arabic)
    19. Helli (Ibn Idris), Muhammad ibn Mansour (1990 AD). Al-Sarair al-Hawi for Tahrir al-Fatawi, vols. 2 and 3, Ch II, Qom: Islamic Publications Office. (in Arabic)
    20. Demetrius (1998 AD). Aane al-Talibeen, vol. 4, ch. I, Beirut. (in Arabic)
    21. Sobhani, Jafar (1996 AD). Phrases from the history of the Prophet of Islam, Bija: Moshar. (in Arabic)
    22. Sajistani, Abu Dawud Sulayman bin Al-Ash'ath (2009 AD). Sunan Abi Dawood, vols. 4 and 7, investigation of Shoaib Al-Arnaout and Muhammad Kamil Qara Belli, Ch.1. Bija: Dar Al-Risala Al-Alamiya (in Arabic)
    23. Saadi, Abu Jaib (Bita). Dictionary of jurisprudence for words and terms, Vol.2, Damascus: Daris al-Fekr. (in Arabic)
    24. Surabadi, Abu Bakr Atiq Ibn Muhammad (2001AD). Tafsir Surabadi, vol. 4, Farhang Nashr-e No, Tehran, Vol.1. (in Arabic)
    25. Sivari Hali, Miqdad bin Abdullah (2005 AD). The Treasure of Mysticism in the Fiqh of the Qur'an, Vol. 1, Ch. 1, Qom: Mortazavi.
    26. Former Sayyid (Bita). Fiqh al-Sunnah, vol. 2, Beirut: Dar al-Tab al-Arabi. (in Arabic)
    27. Al-Shafi'i, Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Idris (1990 AD), Al om, Vol. 4, Dar Al-Marefat. (in Arabic)
    28. Shafi'i Nia, Ahmad (2011 AD). Resistance Jurisprudence: Comparative Studies, World Assembly for Approximation between Islamic Religions, Tehran, First Edition. (in Arabic)
    29. Al-Sheibani, Ahmad Ibn Muhammad (Bi Ta). the seat of Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal, research by Ahmad Muhammad Shakir, Vol. 2 and 5, Ch. 1 Dar Al-Hadith, Cairo, first edition. (in Arabic)
    30. Sheibani, Muhammad ibn Hassan (Bi Ta). Al-Sir Al-Kabir, Vol.1, Bija. (in Arabic)
    31. Tabatabai Haeri, Sayyid Ali (1998 AD). Riyadh Al-Masa'il, Vol. 8, Ch. 1 Al-Bayt Foundation, Qom, first edition. (in Arabic)
    32. Tabatabai, Seyyed Mohammad Hussein (1997 AD). Al-Mizan Fi Tafsir Al-Quran, Vol. 2, 4 and 14, Ch. 5, Qom Seminary Teachers Association Publishing Office, Qom, fifth edition. (in Arabic)
    33. Tripoli, Ibn Braj (1991 AD). Jawahar al-Fiqh - Al-Aqeed Al-Jaafariyya, Ch. 1, Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Society of Teachers of the Seminary of Qom, Qom, first edition. (in Arabic)
    34. Tripoli, Ibn Braj (1986 AD). Al-Madhhab, Vol.1, Ch.1, Office of Islamic Publications affiliated with the Society of Teachers of the Seminary of Qom, Qom, first edition. (in Arabic)
    35. Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hassan (1968 AD). Extended in Imami jurisprudence, Vol. 2, Ch.3, Al-Mortazawiyyah Library for the Revival of Al-Jaafari's works, Tehran, third edition. (in Arabic)
    36. ------------------------------------ (1980 AD). The End in the Abstraction of Jurisprudence and Fatwas, Ch 2, Beirut, Dar Al-Ketab Al-Arabi, Second Edition. (in Arabic)
    37. ----------------------------------- (1987 AD). Tahdhib al-Ahkam, vols 4 and 6, Ch 4, Dar al-Kitab al-Islamiyya, Tehran, fourth edition. (in Arabic)
    38. Ameli (the first martyr), Muhammad ibn Makki (1997 AD). Sharia courses in Imami jurisprudence, Ch.2, Qom, Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Society of Teachers, second edition. (in Arabic)
    39. Ameli (Shahid Thani), Zayn al-Din bin Ali (1990 AD). Al-Rawdah al-Bahiyya in the explanation of the Damascus River, Vol.2, Ch.2, Qom, Davari Bookstore, first edition. (in Arabic)
    40. Ameli (Shahid Thani), Zayn al-Din ibn Ali (1993 AD). The Schools of Understanding to the Reformation of Islamic Laws, Vol. 3 and 15,Ch.1, Qom, Islamic Enlightenment Foundation, first edition. (in Arabic)
    41. Al-Asqalani, Ahmad Ibn Ali Ibn Hajar (Bi Ta). Fath al-Bari with the explanation of Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol. 6, correction and research by Abdul Aziz Ibn Abdullah Ibn Baz, Beirut, Dar Al marafa. (in Arabic)
    42. Fadhil Abi, Hassan Ibn Abi Talib Yusuf, (1997 AD). Discovering the mysteries in the brief description of benefit, Vol.1, Ch.3, Qom, Islamic Publications Office, third edition. (in Arabic)
    43. Farahidi, Khalil Ibn Ahmad (Bi Ta). Al-Ain, Vol. 3, Ch.2, Qom, Hijrat Publishing, second edition. (in Arabic)
    44. Farihi, Davood (2004 AD). “Legitimate Defense, Assassination and Martyrdom Operations in the Shiite Religion”, Quarterly Journal of Shiite Studies, 6. P.119. (in Persain)
    45. Firuz Abadi, Mohammad Ibn Ya'qub (Bi Ta). Al-Qamoos Al-Muhit, Vol. 1 and 2, Ch.1, Beirut, Dar Al-Kitab Al-Alamiya. (in Arabic)
    46. Fayumi, Ahmad Ibn Muhammad (Bi Ta). Al-Misbah Al-Munir, Vol. 2, Ch.2, Qom, Al-Hijra Institute, second edition. (in Arabic)
    47. Ghorashi, Seyyed Ali Akbar (1998 AD). Tafsir Ahsan Al-Hadith, Vol. 1, Ch.3, Tehran, Besat Foundation, (in Arabic)
    48. Qurtubi, Mohammad Ibn Ahmad (1985 AD). Tafsir Qurtubi (Al-Jame 'Lahkam Al-Quran). 1 and 5, Tehran Naser Khosrow Publications. (in Arabic)
    49. Iraqi Kazazi, Ali (1994 AD). Explanation of the Commentary of the Teachers, Vol. 4, Ch.1, Qom Office of Islamic Publications affiliated with the Society of Teachers of the Seminary of Qom. (in Persain)
    50. Klini, Mohammad Ibn Ya'qub (1987 AD). Al-Kafi, Vol. 3, 5 and 10, Ch.4, Tehran, Islamic Books House, fourth edition. (in Arabic)
    51. Gilani (Mirza Qommi), Abu Al-Qasim bin Muhammad Hassan, (1993 AD). Jame Al-Shattat in the Answer of Questions, Vol. 1, Ch.1, Tehran, Kayhan Institute. (in Arabic)
    52. Maliki Najafi (Kashif al-Ghatta '), Ja'far ibn Khidr (Bi Ta). Kashf al-Ghatta' on the ambiguities of Sharia al-Ghara ', Vol. 4,Ch.2, Qom, Publications of the Office of Islamic Propaganda. (in Arabic)
    53. Maraghi, Ahmad Mustafa (Bi Ta). Tafsir Maraghi, Vol. 5, Beirut, Darahiyah Al-Tarath Al-Arabi. (in Arabic)
    54. Makarem Shirazi, Nasser (1995 AD). Sample Interpretation, Vol. 2 and 3, Ch. 1 ,Tehran Islamic Bookstore. (in Persain)
    55. ----------------------------- (2004 AD). treatise on explanation, Ch.2, Qom, ofissues, Imam Ali Ibn Abi Talib School Publications. (in Arabic)
    56. Malhawish Al Ghazi, Abdul Qadir, (1963 AD). Statement of Meanings, Vol.5, Ch. 1, Damascus, Al-Targgi Press. (in Arabic)
    57. Mullah Mohammad Ali, Amir (2006 AD). Jurisprudential principles of martyrdom operations, Ch.1, Qom, Zamzam Hedayat. (in Persain)
    58. Mousavi Sabzevari, Sayyid Abdul Ali, (1989 AD). the gifts of the Most Merciful in the interpretation of the Qur'an, vol. 3 and 8, Ch.2, Beirut, Ahl al-Bayt Institute. (in Arabic)
    59. ---------------------------------------------- (1993 AD). Madhhab al-Ahkam, Vol. 15, Ch.4, Qom, Al-Manar Institute - Office of Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Abdul Ali Mousavi Sabzevari. (in Arabic)
    60. Meybodi, Ahmad Ibn Abi Sa'd Rashid al-Din (1992 AD). Discovering the Mysteries and the Number of Abrar, Vol. 5, Research by Ali Asghar Hekmat, Ch.5, Tehran, Amir Kabir. (in Arabic)
    61. Najafi (Sahib al-Jawahir), Muhammad Hassan (1984 AD). Jawahir al-Kalam fi Sharh Sharia al-Islam, Vol. 21, Ch.7, Beirut, Dar Al-Ihyaa Al-Tarath Al-Arabi. (in Arabic)
    62. Novi Javi, Muhammad ibn Umar (1997 AD). Marah Labid to discover the meaning of the Holy Quran, Vol. 1 and 2, Ch.1, Beirut, Dar al-Kotob al-Alamiya. (in Arabic)
    63. Al-Nawawi, Mohi al-Din (Bi Ta). Rawdat al-Talibeen and Umm al-Muftin, Vol. 4, research by Adel Ahmad Abd Al-Mawjoud and Ali Mohammad Mawwad, Bija, Dar al-Kotob al-Alamiya (in Arabic)
    64. Hashemi Basri, Muhammad ibn Sa'd (1990 AD). Al-Tabqat al-Kubra, Vol 8, Ch.1, research by Muhammad Abd Al-Qadir Atta Dar al-Kitab al-Alamiya, Beirut, Dar al-Kotob al-Alamiya. (in Arabic)
    65. Varei, Seyed Javad (2003 AD). “Jurisprudential Principles of Martyrdom Operations”, Journal of the Islamic Government, No. 27, 319. (in Persain)
    66. Yazdi, Muhammad (1415 AH). Fiqh al-Quran, Vol. 2, Ch.1, Qom, Ismailian Institute. (in Arabic)
Religious Researches
Volume 17, Issue 3
October 2021
Pages 969-996

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 19 May 2020
  • Revise Date: 27 June 2020
  • Accept Date: 30 June 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics