A Review on Salafi Perspective on Ijtihad and Taqlid

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D Student, Darola'lam Li Madrasati Ahlolbait Institution, Qom Seminary, Qom, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Islamic Religions, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran

Abstract

In the first centuries, the way of ijtihad was open in Islam, but gradually it was closed and made obligatory within the frameworks of four main jurisprudential denominations. Some scholars like Ibn Taymiyyah criticized this approach and considered the path of ijtihad open. From twelfth century, Salafi movements, following Ibn Taymiyyah said that the path of ijtihad is open. Nowadays, Wahhabism, Muslim Brotherhood group and Jihadi Salafis believe that the path of ijtihad is open, however, there are so many disagreements on the subjects of ijtihad and taqlid among them. The majority of Wahhabi scholars avoid from considering themselves as absolute mujtahid and consider themselves as the followers of Ahmad ibn Hanbal. Accordingly, they suggested Tamazhob theory which was criticized by Naseroddin Albani. He maintains that Wahhabi scholars should go toward the absolute ijtihad. Famous figures of Muslim Brotherhood group like Sayyid Sabiq and Yusuf al-Qaradawi have claimed that they are absolute mujtahid but maintain that they can follow other denominations as well. Jihadi Salafi scholars also consider themselves as absolute mujtahid so they declare that others are pagans and non-believers. Using a library and descriptive-analytical method, this article has an in-depth look at ijtihad from the viewpoint of Salafi scholars and studies the disagreements among the great Salafi scholars. Finally, it refers to some of the consequences of this view. 

Keywords

References

1. Ibn Baz, Abd al-Aziz (2007). Majmu' Fatawa, Edited by: Mohammed bin Saad Alshuyar, place: unknown, Idārāt al-Buḥūth, Al-Mojtam publication house. (in Arabic)
2. Ibn Taymiyyah, Aḥmad ibn Abd al-Halim(1988) Al-Fatawa al-Kubra, Edited by: Muhammad and Mustafa Abdulghader Ata, 1st edition, place: unknown, published by: Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah. (in Arabic)
3. Ibn Taymiyyah, Aḥmad ibn Abd al-Halim, (1995). Majmu al Fatawa, Edited by: Abdulrahman Mohammed bin Qasem, Medina, qurancomplex Publication House. (in Arabic)
4. Ibn al-Uthaymeen Muhammad (d. 2001). Sharh al-Mumti' 'ala Zad al-Mustaqni, first edition, place: unknown, Al-Jawzi House. (in Arabic)
5. ibn al-Uthaymeen Muhammad (d. 2001). Majmu' Fatawa,Edited by:Fahad Bin Nasser bin Ebrahim al-Sulaiman, place: unknown, Al- Watan Publishing. (in Arabic)
6. ibn Fares Ahmed‎, (1984). The Methodology of "ibn Fares",First Edition,Qom, Islamic Propagation Office. (in Arabic)
7. Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Muhammad (1991). I'laam ul Muwaqqi'een 'an Rabb il 'Aalameen (Information for Those who Write on Behalf of the Lord of the Worlds), Edited by: Muhammad Abd –alsalam Abraham, First Edition, Beirut, Dar al Kotob al-Ilmiyah. (in Arabic) 
8. Aqa Bozorg Tehran, Muhammad Hasan (1981). Tawzih al-Rashad Fi Tarikh Hasr al-Ijtihad, Qom, Khayyam Publication House. (in Persian)
9. Ansari, Murteza (1990). Al-makaseb, al-Muhasha, Editor: Sayyed Muhammad Kalantar, Third Edition, Qom, ketabcity Publication House. (in Persian)
10. al-Albanī, Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn, Date: Unknown, al-Ijitah Va al-Efta, http://shamela.ws/browse.php/book-7682/page-405#page-406. (in Arabic)
11. al-Albanī, Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn3  Date: unknown, Fitna al-Takfir, palce: unknown. (in Arabic)
12. al-Albanī, Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn, Dateunknown, Fatwa: Mohamed Nasser Al-Din Al-Albani, https://www.ahlalhdeeth.com/vb/showthread.php?t=376690. (in Arabic)
13. al-Albanī, Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn, Jurisprudence ofReality, Date: unknown, place: unknown. (in Arabic)
14. al-Albanī, Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn,(1992) the chain of Weak Hadiths and its negative effects on nation, first Edition, Riad: dar al-Maarief. (in Arabic)
15. al-Albanī, Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn, the lessons from al-Shaykh Muhammad Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Albanī, palce: unknown, Date: unknown. (in Arabic)
16. al-Albanī, Muḥammad Nāṣir al-Dīn, Tafrigh Selselah al-Hoda Wa al-Noor, www.alalbany.net. (in Arabic)
17. Pakatchi Ahmad (1989). The great Islamic encyclopedia, Tehran, the center of Great Islamic encyclopedia. (in Persian)
18. al-Jawhari, Ismail ibn Hammad, (1984).Taj al-Lugha wa Sihah al-Arabiya, Edited by: Atar, Ahamed Abdolghafoor, Beirut, Dar Al Malayin . (in Arabic)
19. Al Hasin, Khalid Bin Ibrahim Bin Muhammad (2012). Milestones in Ibn Baz Jurisprudence and his method in issuing Fatwa, Magazine of Jurisprudence association in Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arbia, No. 12, 2012. (in Arabic)
20. Alhalibi, Faisal bin Saud Bin Abdulaziz, (2015). empetying the age from Mujtahid and Osoul works, Magazine of Jurisprudence association in Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arbia, No. 26, 2015. (in Arabic)
21. Alkhathami, Sulaiman Bin Samhan Bin Musleh, the unveiling of darkness from the delusion of polishing the delusion, Date: unknown, first Edition, place: unknown, Salaf Illumination Publication House. (in Arabic) 
22. Khomeini, Sayed Ruhallah,(2003) Tawzih al-Masael, 8th edition, Qom, “the association of professors in Qom Seminary” publication House. (in persian)
23. Dehlawi, Shah Waliullah, A good contract on the Ijtihad and Taghlid Rules, Edited by: Muheb al-Din al-Khatib, Date: unknown, Cairo, Salafiyyah publication House. (in Arabic)
24. Dehlawi, Shah Waliullah, (1984). the justice in explain the reason of disagreement, Edited by: Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda, Beirut, Dar An-nafaes. (in Arabic)
25. Al-Raysouni, Ahmed, Ijtihad: text, reality and interest, date: unknown, place: unknown
26. Kepel, Gilles,(1963) The prophet and pharaoh, translator: Hamid Ahmadi, third edition, Tehran, Keyhan Publication. (in Persian)
27. Al-Sabiee, Shafi Bin Moozkir Quraishi, (2005). the methodology of Sheikh Abdul-Aziz Bin Baz, First Edition, Saudi Arabia, Dar ibn Jawzi. (in Arabic)
28. Sayed Sabeq (1997). the Sunni Jurisprudence, third edition, Beirut, Lebanon, Dar Arabic Books. (in Arabic)
29. Alshetri, Saad Bin Nasser, (1995). Taghlid, its Rules and its kinds, Firstedition, Riad, Dar AlWatan. (in Arabic)
30. Al-Shawkani, Muhammad Bin Ali, (1998). Irshad ul Fuhool, Edited By: Sheikh Ahmed Azv Enayeh, first Edition, Place: unknown, Dar Arabic Books. (in Arabic)
31. Al-Sanani, Muhammad Bin Ismail (1985). the Guidance of critics to simplification of Ijtihad,Kuwait, Salafiyyah publication House. (in Arabic) 
32. al-Tartusi, Abu Basir, Majmu al Fatawa, http://www.abubaseer.bizland.com/books.htm
33. Abbasi, Muhammad Eid, Date: unknown, the heresy of religious fanaticism, Oman, Jordan, Islamic library Publication house. (in Arabic)
34. Abdul Latif bin Abdullah Al-Sheikh  (1979). Fatawa wa Rasail Abdul Latif Al-Sheikh,Edited by: Muhammad Bin Abd Al-Rahman Bin Qasem, First Edition, Mecca, the Government Publication House in Mecca. (in Arabic)
35. The great scholars in Najd, al-Dorar al-Saniyah (1996). 6th Edition, place: unknown, Date: unknown. (in Arabic) 
36. Ghazali, Muhammad (2007). 100 Questions about Islam, 6th Edition, Egypt, Nahdet Misr Publicain House. (in Arabic)
37. Naraghi Fazel, (1968). Awaed al-Ayyam Fi Bayan Ghawaed al-Ahkam,Qom, “Islamic Propagation office” publication House. (in Arabic)
38. Al-Qurashi, Abdulghader Bin Muhammad Bin Nasr Allah, Al-Jawaher Al-Mozia Fi Tabaghat Al-Hanafiyyah, Date: unknown, Karachi, Mir Muhammad Publication House. (in Arabic)
39. al-qaradawi, Yousuf, (1974). the contemporary jurisprudential views, translated by: Ahmed Nemti, third Edition, Tehran, Ehsan publication. (in Persian)
40. al-qaradawi, Yousuf,(2000) Contempary Fatwas, first Edition, Beirut, Damascus, Maktab Islami Publication
41. al-qaradawi, Yousuf, (2002). the Islamic Awakening from puberty to adulthood, third Edition, Cairo, Dar Al-Shoroogh. (in Arabic)
42. Kashef al-Gheta, Ali Bin Muhammad Reza, (1973). periods and conditions of Jurisprudence Knowledge, Qom, Tebyan cultural institution (E-pub)
Religious Researches
Volume 17, Issue 2
July 2021
Pages 461-483

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 05 July 2019
  • Revise Date: 07 January 2020
  • Accept Date: 07 January 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics