Cancellation of Hadd Punishment in the Absence of the Thief’s Body Organ to Be Amputated under Shi'ite Jurisprudence and Iranian Law

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Theology, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran

2 Ph.D Student of Jurisprudence and Criminal Law, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of theology, yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

Abstract

One of the punishments for theft is amputation and one of the important issues in this regard is how to execute the punishment of thieves who do not have the organ to be amputated. The fundamental question is whether the absence of the organ to be amputated causes the theft punishment to become cancelled? A group of jurists have tended to amputate another organ; however, there are different views on which organ should be amputated. On the contrary, most of the jurists have not accepted such a view and have argued about them in detail. From the point of view of this group, the cancellation of the subject of the sentence cancels the sentence itself and the hadd punishment (amputation) in such cases rather than becoming applicable to another organ. The present paper attempts to study and evaluate the views of jurists and their principles on this issue. First, it is hypothesized that the thief has the organ to be amputated at the time of the robbery, but after the robbery and before the hadd is executed, he loses that organ, and then it is hypothesized that the thief does not have the organ to be amputated at the time of the robbery. In this way, a correct judgment can be presented among the different opinions of the jurists. Finally, the laws in this regard are discussed and some suggestions are presented.

Keywords

References

  1. - Holly Quran

    1. Alishahi, A. (2011(. The consept and credibility of religion Manner in the process of figh dictums deduction, Qom: Bustan- e Ketab. (in Persian).
    2. Allameh Helli. H. (1989). Ershad al-azhan. Qom: Office of Islamic Publications. (in Arabic).
    3. Allameh Helli. H. (1992). Ghawaed al-AlAhkam. Daftar Entesharat Eslami. (in Arabic).
    4. Allameh Helli. H. (1999). Tahrir al-ahkam, Qom: Institute of Imam Sadeq.. (in Arabic).
    5. Faiz Kashani, M. (n.d). Mafatih Al- sharayee, Qom, Entesharat ketabkhane Marashai Najafi. (in Arabic)
    6. Fakhr al-Muhaqiqin Heli. M. (1967), Ayzah al-Fawaeid, Qom: Esma'eilian.. (in Arabic).
    7. Fazel Abi. H. (1996). Kashf Al- Romoz Fi Sharh Mokhtasar Al Nafei. Qom: Daftar Entesharat Eslami. (in Arabic).
    8. Fazel Hindi. M. (1995). Kashf al-letham an qawa'ed al-ahkam. Qom: Institute of Islamic Publications.. (in Arabic).
    9. Fazel Lankarani. M. (2001). Tafsil Al- Sharia Fi Sharh Tahrir Al- Vasila, Qom: Markaz Figh Aemmah Athar.. (in Arabic).
    10. Fazel Saymori, M. (1999). Ghayat al- Moram Fi Sharh Sharaee Al- Eslam. Beyrut, Dar al- Hadi.. (in Arabic).
    11. Helli, Y. (1984). Al Jamei lesharaei, Qom: Moassese Sayyid al-Shuhada. (in Arabic)
    12. Hor Ameli, M. (1988). Vasael Alshia, Qom, Alalbeit Institute. (in Arabic).
    13. Hosseini Rohan, S. (1991). Figh Al- Sadegh, Qom: Dar Alketab- Madreseh imam Al- Sadegh.  (in Arabic).
    14. Hosseini Shirazi, S. (2004). Al- Taelighat Ala Sharaei Al- Islam. Qom: Entesharat Esteghlal. (in Arabic).
    15. Ibn Babawayh, A. (1992). Man La Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Qom: Daftar. Entesharat Eslami. (in Arabic)
    16. Ibn Baraj Tripoli, A. (1985), al-Mohazab, Qom: Daftar. Entesharat Eslami. (in Arabic)
    17. Ibn Fahd Helli, A. (1986). Al- Mohazab Al- Barei Fi Shaeh Al- mokhtasar Al- Nafei, Qom: Daftar Entesharat Eslami. (in Arabic)
    18. Ibn Fahd Helli, A. (1989). Al- Moghtasar Men Sharh Al- Mokhtasar. Mashahad: Majma Bohoos Al-Islamiyah. (in Arabic)
    19. Ibn Ghatan Helli. M. (2001). Maalem Al- Din Fi Fegh Al Yasin. Qom. Moassese Imam Al- Sadegh. (in Arabic)
    20. Ibn Ḥamza Ṭūsī, M. (1987). al-Wasila 'ila nayl al-fadila, Qom, Entesharat ketabkhane Marashai Najafi. (in Arabic)
    21. Kaydari. M. (1995). Esbah Al- Shia Be Mesbah Al- Sharia. Qom: Moassese Imam Al- Sadegh. (in Arabic)
    22. Koleini. M. (1987). Alkafi. Tehran: Dar al-kutub al-Islamia. (in Arabic).
    23. Moghadas Ardebili, A. (1983). Majma al-faydah wa al-Burhan, Qom, Islamic Publications Office. (In Arabic)
    24. Mohaghegh Helli. J. (1983). Maarej Al Osul, Qom: Alalbeit Institute.. (In Arabic)
    25. Mohaghegh Helli. J. (1987). Sharaye al-Islam fi masael al-halaal va al-haram. Qom: Esmaeilian Institute. (In Arabic)
    26. Mosavi Ardebili. A. (2006). Figh al. hodud va al- Taazirat, Qom: moassese Alnashr lejamea Al- Mofid. (In Arabic)
    27. Mosavi Golpayegani, M. (1991). Al-Dor Al-Manzoud, Fi Ahkam al-Hoodood, Qom: Dar Al- Quran Al- Karim. (in Arabic)
    28. Mosavi Golpayegani, M. (n.d). Taghrirat Al- Hodood va- Al-Taazirat. Np.Np. (in Arabic)
    29. Mosavi Khoei, A. (1989). Takmelah al-Minhaj: Qom: Madinah Al- Elm. (in Arabic)
    30. Mosavi Khoei, A. (2001). Mabani Takmelah al-Minhaj: Qom: Al-Imam al-Khooi Institute. (in Arabic)
    31. Mosavi Khoei, A. (n.d). Menhaj Al- Salehin. N.p. n.p. (in Arabic)
    32. Mosavi Khomeini, R. (n.d). Tahrir al-Wasila, Qom, Moassese Matboat Dar Al- Elm. (in Arabic)
    33. Najafi, M. (1984). Jawhir al-kalam fi sharayi al-Islam, Beyrut. Dar Ehyae Al-Torath Al- Arabi. (in Arabic)
    34. Sabzevari, S. A. A. (1992). Muhaddab al-Ahkām., Qom: Al-Manar Institute. (in Arabic).
    35. Sauri Helli. M. (1984). Al- Tanghih Al- Raee. Qom: Entesharat ketabkhane Marashai Najafi. (in Arabic)
    36. Shahīd al-Awwal. M. (1993). Ghayat al-murad Fi Sharh Nkat Al- Ershad. Qom: Daftar Tablighat Islami. (in Arabic)
    37. Shahid Thani, (1992). Masalak al-Afham, Qom: Encyclopedia of Islam. (in Arabic).
    38. Shahid Thani, Z. (1989). al-Rawzah al-bahiyah Fi sharh Al- Lomaa Al- Demashghaa, Qom: Dawari Printing. (in Arabic)
    39. Shahid Thani, Z. (1993). Hashia Al- Ershad. Qom: Daftar Tablighat Islami. (in Arabic)
    40. Shokri, S. Siroos. G. (2005). Islamic Penal Code in the current legal system, Tehran. Nash Mohajer. (In Persian)
    41. Tabatabaei. A. (1980). Al- Nehayah Fi Mojarad Al- Figh va Al- Fatva, Beyrut, Dar Al ketab Al- Arabi. (in Arabic)
    42. Tabatabaei. A. (1997). Riyaz al-masael, Qom: Ahl al-Bayt. (in Arabic)
    43. Tabrizi, J. (1996). Osas Al- Hodud Va Al- Taazirat, Qom: Daftar Moallef. (in Arabic)
    44. Tarhini Ameli, (2006), al-Zobdah al-Faghih fi Sharh al-Rozah al-Bahiah, Qom: Dar al-Fiqh al-Tabaa va al-Nashar. (in Arabic).
    45. Tusi, M. H. (1967). Al-Mabsūt fi Fiqh al-Imamia. Tehran: al-Maktabah al-Mortazaqia li-Ihya al-Athar al-Jafaria. (in Arabic)
    46. Tusi, M. H. (1987). Tahzib al-Ahkam, Tehran, Dar al-kutub al-Islamia. (in Arabic).
Religious Researches
Volume 17, Issue 1
April 2021
Pages 73-100

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 23 April 2017
  • Revise Date: 24 November 2019
  • Accept Date: 24 November 2019

Share

How to cite

Statistics